Many genes contain the information to make protein products other genes code for RNA products. A chromosome may contain tens of thousands of genes. In eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotes, DNA forms a complex with histone proteins to form chromatin, the substance of eukaryotic chromosomes. The entire genetic content of a cell is known as its genome, and the study of genomes is genomics.
In prokaryotes, the DNA is not enclosed in a membranous envelope. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell. Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life.
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